Ear infections are one of the most common childhood illnesses. In fact, most children will experience at least one ear infection by age 5.
An ear infection occurs when the middle ear becomes inflamed due to a virus or bacteria. As fluid builds up behind the eardrum, it can cause pain and discomfort, making it difficult for children to sleep, play and feel their best.
The good news is that many ear infections clear up on their own. However, some children experience recurring infections or persistent fluid buildup that may require additional treatment.
Common Signs of an Ear Infection
During an ear infection, fluid trapped behind the eardrum can lead to symptoms such as:
- Ear pain
- Fever
- Fussiness or irritability
- Rubbing or tugging at the ear
- Difficulty sleeping
Many mild ear infections can be managed with:
- Rest
- Fluids
- Over-the-counter pain relievers (as recommended by your child's physician)
When to Call Your Child's Doctor
Some ear infections can become more severe and require medical treatment, including antibiotics.
Contact your child's doctor if they experience:
- A fever of 102.2°F or higher
- Discharge or fluid draining from the ear
- Swelling or redness behind the ear
- Symptoms lasting longer than two to three days
- Hearing loss
- Lethargy or unusual tiredness
Prompt evaluation can help prevent complications and ensure your child receives the care they need.
The Risks of Recurring Ear Infections
For some children, ear infections happen repeatedly or fluid remains trapped behind the eardrum long after an infection has resolved.
Over time, chronic ear problems can lead to complications such as:
- Hearing loss
- Speech and language delays
- Learning difficulties
- Ongoing discomfort
- Recurrent infections
When children are not responding to treatment or continue experiencing frequent infections, a pediatric ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist may recommend surgical treatment.
What Is Ear Tube Surgery?
One of the most common procedures performed by ENT specialists is myringotomy with ear tube placement.
According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, ear tube surgery is the most common childhood surgery performed under anesthesia.
What Is a Myringotomy?
A myringotomy is a surgical procedure designed to relieve pressure and remove excess fluid from the middle ear.
During the procedure:
- A small incision is made in the eardrum.
- Excess fluid is gently suctioned out.
- A tiny ear tube is inserted into the eardrum.
- The tube allows air to reach the middle ear and helps prevent future fluid buildup.
How Ear Tubes Help
Ear tubes can provide several benefits, including:
- Reducing the frequency of ear infections
- Improving middle ear ventilation
- Preventing fluid buildup
- Lowering the risk of hearing loss
- Helping avoid long-term complications
Most ear tubes naturally fall out on their own within about a year after placement.
When Should a Child See a Pediatric ENT Specialist?
If your child experiences severe or recurring ear infections, it is important to consult a pediatric ENT specialist.
Specialists can evaluate your child's symptoms and determine whether treatments such as medication, monitoring or ear tube surgery may be appropriate.
The Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) Program at MemorialCare Miller Children's & Women's Hospital provides comprehensive care for children with conditions affecting the ears, nose and throat.
Conditions Treated by the ENT Program
The team provides family-centered care for children of all ages, including those experiencing:
- Recurrent ear infections
- Hearing concerns
- Ear disorders
- Nose and sinus conditions
- Throat disorders
- Other head and neck conditions
Diagnostic evaluations and treatment plans are tailored to each child's individual needs.
Supporting Children Before and After Surgery
If surgery is recommended, procedures are performed in the Surgical Center at Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, which features:
- Seven state-of-the-art operating rooms designed specifically for children
- A pre-operative playroom
- Specialized pediatric surgical teams
- Dedicated child life specialists
How Child Life Specialists Help
Child life specialists help reduce fear and anxiety by preparing children and families for surgery through education and support.
Using a process called medical play, they may use:
- Simulated medical equipment
- Dolls
- Books
- Age-appropriate teaching materials
These tools help children understand what to expect before, during and after surgery, creating a more positive experience for the entire family.
Expert Care for Recurrent Ear Infections
While many ear infections resolve on their own, recurring infections or persistent fluid buildup may require specialized evaluation and treatment.
The team at MemorialCare Miller Children's & Women's Hospital is dedicated to providing compassionate, family-centered care and helping children achieve healthier outcomes with the treatment approach that best meets their needs.
Learn more about the author, Dr. Rose Eapen.
