Southern California is known for its extended summers, and heat waves can occur year-round. Unlike adults, kids don’t seem to mind the heat as much as we do and tend to enjoy outdoor activities, whether it’s playing at the park, swimming, or just having fun in the backyard whether it’s hot or cold.
However, excessive heat during heat waves or fire season can pose serious health risks if children aren’t kept cool and hydrated. According to the National Weather Service, hotter-than-normal conditions are expected almost everywhere worldwide. Considering that this summer was the hottest on record, it’s crucial to take extra precautions to ensure children stay healthy and safe during these high-temperature months.
Understanding the Signs of Heat-Related Illnesses
Without proper care, school-aged children can be at risk of overheating and suffering from heat-related illnesses. We have to be even more careful with infants who are still not able to regulate their temperature. Kids are more vulnerable to heat because their bodies do not regulate temperature as effectively as adults. They absorb heat faster, and their cooling systems, such as sweating, are not as developed.
Understanding the signs of heat-related illnesses and how to prevent them can help ensure that summer remains a time of fun and joy, such as:
- Heat Rash: Also known as prickly heat, heat rash happens when sweat is trapped in the skin, causing irritation. It can range from mild forms, with tiny red bumps, to more severe cases with inflamed, itchy lumps. Heat rash is common in young children because their sweat glands are not fully developed.
- Heat Exhaustion: Heat exhaustion occurs when the body overheats due to excessive heat exposure or physical activity. Symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid pulse, dizziness, nausea, and muscle cramps. If not treated promptly, heat exhaustion can lead to more serious conditions, such as heat stroke.
- Heat Stroke: Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related illness and occurs when the body’s temperature rises rapidly to dangerous levels. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It usually results from prolonged exposure to high temperatures or vigorous activity under the sun.
Recognizing the Signs of Heat Stroke
Recognizing the signs of heat stroke early can be lifesaving. Children are at higher risk because they often don’t recognize when they’re getting too hot.
Look out for the following symptoms:
- Hot, Dry, and Red Skin: Unlike heat exhaustion, the skin may not be sweaty, indicating the body’s cooling system is failing.
- High Body Temperature: A high temperature of 103F (39.4 C) or higher is a key indicator of heat stroke.
- Headache and Irritability: Children may complain of headaches or become unusually irritable.
- Restlessness and Lethargy: A child may seem restless or overly tired.
- Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of heat stroke.
- Rapid, Swallow Breathing: Breathing may become quick and shallow as the body struggles to cool down.
- Unconsciousness or Seizures: In severe cases, children may lose consciousness or have seizures. Immediately call 911 if this occurs.
- Dizziness or Confusion: A child may appear confused or disoriented.
If you notice any of these signs, act immediately by moving the child to a cooler place, apply cool water to their skin, and call emergency services. Quick action is critical to prevent serious health consequences.
Tips for Proper Hydration
Proper hydration is one of the most important steps in preventing heat-related illnesses. Encourage children to drink water frequently, even if they don’t feel thirsty. Make sure they have access to water at all times, especially during physical activities. For infants, keeping them hydrated is just as important, but substitute breast milk or formula for water.
Here are some tips to keep infants and children hydrated:
- If a mother is breastfeeding, during the heat, it is suggested to breastfeed an infant more often.
- If a baby receives formula, a parent should give them frequent bottles of formula to keep them hydrated.
- Encourage children to drink water frequently, it is the best choice for hydration.
- In hot weather or during intense physical activity, electrolyte-replenishing sports drinks can help keep kids hydrated.
- Beverages with caffeine or high sugar content, such as sodas and energy drinks, can lead to dehydration and should be avoided.
Cool foods can provide hydration and help lower body temperature. Some fun and tasty options include:
- Frozen Fruits: Grapes, watermelon, and berries can be frozen and enjoyed as a refreshing snack in the heat.
- Popsicles: Fruit popsicles are a great and enticing way to keep kids cool.
- Ice Cubes: Add fruit-flavored ice cubes to water for a fun way to stay hydrated.
- Smoothies: Blend fruits with ice and yogurt for a cooling, nutritious treat.
How Should I Dress My Child in a Heat Wave?
I used to have pre-teens and teens myself, and we all know how they tend to dress in pants, long sleeves, or even beanies, even during a heat wave. Dressing appropriately during sweltering weather can help avoid overheating and sunburns. Some of the recommended ways to dress children are:
- Light Colored Clothing: Light colors reflect sunlight, helping keep the body cooler.
- Avoid Black Clothing: Dark colors, especially black, absorb heat and can increase body temperature.
- Long Sleeves with UV Protection: Clothes with built-in UV protection can safeguard against sunburn while allowing kids to stay cool.
- Light Fabric: Opt for loose-fitting clothes made of lightweight, breathable materials like cotton.
What Activities Should I Avoid in a Heat Wave?
It’s important to avoid scheduling outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Families should plan activities for early morning or late evening when temperatures are cooler. Additionally, it’s important to take frequent breaks in shaded areas or indoors where air conditioning is available.
Waterplay is a great way for children to keep cool and regulate their body temperatures, but make sure they know drowning prevention rules. Swimming, water balloon fights or running through the sprinklers in the yard, can help regulate body temperature, especially on a hot day.
When traveling, never leave children or infants in a parked car, even if the windows are cracked open. The temperature inside a car can rise rapidly, putting children at risk of heatstroke. Always check the car when leaving to ensure no child has been overlooked, especially those who may have fallen asleep.
At MemorialCare Miller Children’s & Women’s Hospital, we are committed to the safety and well-being of children year-round, but we see more heat-related illness and injury in summer months and during heat waves due to dehydration, especially in young children.
Our team of pediatric specialists provide comprehensive care for heat-related illnesses and educates parents on preventive measures to keep their kids safe. If you notice signs of heatstroke or severe dehydration, do not hesitate to seek medical attention immediately. Our experts are always available to provide the best care and support for your child.
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